Markers
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Oblique
|
|
Singular
|
ang
|
ng
|
sa
|
Plural
|
ang mga
|
ng mga
|
sa mga
|
Singular (for name of person)
|
si
|
ni
|
kay
|
Plural (for names of two or more persons)
|
sina
|
nina
|
kina
|
Direct Case
Ang/Ang mga—
introduce common noun or proper noun except names of people.
Si/Sina—introduce names of person.
These markers are under the direct case and have the same
usage shown below, except for letter d, which is just inherent function of ang,
ang mga.
a. It marks the main topic in a sentence.
Ang masa
ay kontento sa pamahalaan. The
mass is contented with the administration.
Ang mga bata
ay sabik sa kanilang mga bagong laruan. The
kids are excited to their new toys.
Si Chris ay magaling sa paglalaro ng basketball. Chris is good at playing basketball.
Sina Luis at Angelica ay mag-aaral sa bahay ko. Luis and Angelica will study in my house.
b. It also tells the doer of the action of a verb in the
actor focus form.
Umani ang magsasaka
ng 300 kabang palay. The farmer harvested
300 sacks of rice.
Gising ang
mga kwago kapag gabi. The owls are
awake at night.
Tumakbo si Jose
sa pagkapresidente. Jose runs for
presidency.
Aalis sina Topher and Jorge mamaya. Topher and Jorge will leave later.
c. And it tells the direct object of a verb in the object
focus form.
Kinain ng peste ang mais. The pest ate the corn.
Hihilahin ko ang
mga lubid. I will pull the vines.
Sinigawan ko si Kenneth. I
shouted at Kenneth.
Pinagluto ni Jenny sina Angel at Jorge. Jenny cooked (something) for Angel and Jorge.
d. It also highlights a noun, or put it on the spotlight. It
gives an emphasis that an action is done by the subject itself alone.
Si Maria ang kumain ng cake. Maria is the one who ate the cake.
Siya ang may
sala. It is her fault./She is the one who
is to blame.
Indirect Case
Ng/Ng mga-introduce nouns except names of persons,
just like ang,ang mga. And Ni/Nina introduce
names of persons.
a. To mark the subject of a verb in object focus form.
Inani ng magsasaka ang 300 kabang palay. The farmer harvested 300 sacks of rice.
Kinain ng aso ang buto. The
dog ate the bone.
Nilisin ni Mark ang
bahay. Mark cleaned the house.
Pininturahan nina Chris
at William ang kwarto. Chris and William
painted the room.
b. Ng/Ng mga mark the direct of object of the verb in
actor focus form, but not ni/nina
Kumain ang manok ng mais. The
chicken ate corn.
Nagbigay ako ng regalo. I
have given a gift.
Note that ni/nina
cannot be used to mark a direct object which is a name of person, for both
object focus form and subject focus form of the verb, instead use Si. However, subject focus form of the
verb can be used, but an oblique case marker should be used to introduce the
name of person, making the object of the verb functions as an indirect object.
(Object Focus ) Tinawag ko si Pedro. I called Pedro
(Subject Focus) Tumawag ako ni Pedro –Tumawag ako kay
Pedro. I called (to) Pedro.
Oblique Case
Sa/Sa mga- mark common nouns, and proper nouns
and to refer to clan and family, except for specific name of person. Kay/Kina- mark
specific names of persons.
a. It marks the indirect object of the verb.
Binigay ni Dr.
Martinez ang pera sa bahay-ampunan. Dr. Martinez gave the money to the adoption
center.
Nagpasa ang aplikante ng resume sa
mga kompanyang nadaanan nya. The applicant
submitted resume to the companies he passed through.
Ipinakilala ko ang anak ko kay Manuel. I introduced my daughter to Manuel.
Ipinakita ko ang larawan ng lola kina Sally at
Vincent. I showed to Sally and Vincent
the picture of grandmother.
b. location where the verb takes place.
Kumain kami sa Gigalo’s Restaurant. We ate at Gigalo’s Restaurant.
Nakatira sila
ngayon sa Italy. They live now in Italy.
Bumaba ka sa Ayala Ave. Corner Paseo de Roxas. Get off at Ayala Ave. corner Paseo De Roxas.
Ipinatong ko sa mesa. I put it on the table.
Kay/Kina to show that an action will happen to the place of
the person pertained by Kay/Kina
Gagabihin po kami kina Jorge. We will be
there at Jorge’s place until evening.
c. sa is used with
prepositions of place, and with para (for, receiver) {derived from Spanish}
Ibaba (below), Itaas (above), ilalim (under),ibabaw (on top
of, above), gilid (corner, edge), tabihan (corner), gitna (center, middle),
pagitan (between), kaliwa (left), kanan (right), likod (back), harap (front), loob
(inside), labas (outside). Almost
anything can be introduced with the word sa. Sa mga is not used with this
presposition. However sa and sa mga is used both for para. Note
that para precedes sa/sa mga, and sa/sa mga precede the preposition.
Makikita mo ‘yung libro ko sa tabi
ng kabinet. You will see my book besides
the cabinet.
Ang Building C ay makikita mo sa
harap ng HPT. You will see the
Building C in front of HPT.
Mga donasyon ko
ito para sa mga nasalanta ng bagyo. This is my donation to those devastated by
the hurricane.
With proper markers the noun will inherent the case no
matter if it is placed before or in the middle of the sentence. While the Tagalog followed the default
syntactical order (Verb-{Marker} Doer-{Marker} Object),
you can still switch the places of the parts of the sentence giving emphasis to
the one place at the beginning.
Binigay ko kay Josh ang laruan.
|
I gave the toy to Josh.
|
Kay Josh ko binigay ang laruan.
|
|
Ang laruan ay binigay ko kay Josh.
|
Same way in English, we can say Josh was given a toy (by me),
the toy was given to Josh, and I gave Josh the toy; without changing the
meaning of the sentence. But this grammatical voice change should also use
proper tenses since we are shifting from active to passive, in order to provide
accurate details. Much more like in Tagalog, as you can notice in the third
sentence Ang laruan ay binigay ko kay
Josh, the particle ay is used. Ang laruan being the subject (can be
called nominative case) is connect to the description (predicate) with ay (which function as a copula). [Refer
to next discussion.]
No comments:
Post a Comment