Tagalog's
demonstrative pronouns are as follows.
|
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Oblique
|
Locative
|
Existential
|
Nearest
to speaker (this, here) *
|
ire,
are
|
nire
|
dine
|
nandine
|
ere
|
Near
speaker and addressee (this, here)
|
Ito
|
Nito
|
dito/rito
|
nandito/narito
|
heto
|
Nearest
addressee (that, there)
|
iyan
|
niyan
|
diyan/riyan
|
nandiyan/nariyan
|
ayan
|
Remote
(yon, yonder)
|
iyon
|
niyon
|
doon/roon
|
nandoon/naroon
|
ayon
|
Ire, are, nire, dine, nandine and ere are rarely used in
some part of the Philippines. This is commonly heard with people in the
southern part of Luzon especially in Batangas.
Just like noun and personal pronoun, demonstrative pronouns
follow the cases.
Tinapay ang kinain ko kanina. I ate bread a while ago.
Ito ang kinain ko kanina. I ate this a while ago.
Direct Case
Mansanas ang paborito kong prutas. Apple is my favourite fruit.
Ito ang paborito kong prutas. This is my favourite fruit. (Near to both speaker and listener or
nearer to the speaker than the listener)
Iyan ang paboritio kong prutas. That is my favourite fruit. (Nearer to the listener than the
speaker )
Iyon ang paborito kong prutas. That is my favourite fruit. (both
far from the speaker and the listener.)
Indirect Case
Sinuntok ni William ang pader. William punched the wall.
Sinuntok nito ang pader. He punched the wall. {nito function
as a pronoun, renaming what is mentioned in a previous statement. Example, Si
William ay sobrang nagalit sa nalaman nya. Sinuntok nito ang pader dahil sa galit.
William get so angry about what he knew.
He punched the wall because of anger. It also refers to a person close to
the speaker. }
Sinuntok niyan ang pader.
That person punched the wall. (Nearer to the listener than the speaker)
Sinuntok niyon ang pader. That person (there) punched the wall. (both
far from the speaker and the listener.)
Oblique Case
As an oblique case, it shows the location of the action or
where the verb takes place.
Kumain sila dito./Dito
sila kumain. They ate here.
Kumain sila diyan./Diyan sila kumain. They ate there.
Kumain sila doon./Doon sila kumain. They ate there. (far
from both the speaker and the listener)
There are two types of sentence that can be constructed; the
second one emphasizes the location where they ate by putting dito, diyan, and doon at the beginning of the sentence. Sentence formation with ‘Ay’ is optional. With this kind of
construction, the sentence will be formal, and put more emphasis on the oblique
case pronoun. Remember to put ‘ay’ between
the doer of the action and the verb.
Dito sila ay kumain. Here they have eaten. / Here they ate.
Locative Case
This is always used in the beginning of the sentence, or as
a single word.
Nandito ako, umiibig sayo. Here I am, loving you.
Nandiyan ang ahas sa loob ng butas. The snake is there inside the hole.
Nasaan ang ballpen ko? Andito. Where is my ballpen? Here.
Existential Case
It is similar and interchangeable to the direct case.
However, this is used to show abstract ideas, to show that something that exist
from a cause or to put emphasis.
Ayan ang napapala ng padalos-dalos. That is what happens to people
who act recklessly (undue eagerness to act).
Heto ako. Here I am. (I do exist)
Ayon nga ang gusto. That’s what I like.